Prostate cancer contributes significantly to the overall cancer burden and is the most common malignant neoplasm in men. The number of cases has steadily increased over recent decades, partly due to rising life expectancy. Additional contributing factors include aspects of the Western lifestyle, such as high-calorie diets and reduced physical activity. Epidemiological data suggest that incidence rates vary among populations, with the highest rates observed in individuals of African descent, followed by those of European descent, while rates are lowest in some Asian populations. The impact of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening on mortality reduction is currently under evaluation. Histopathological diagnosis and grading remain critical components in the clinical management of prostate cancer.