A condition of the testis, caused by determinants arising during the antenatal period. This condition is characterised by the abnormal location of the testis away from the normal line of descent such as in the superficial inguinal pouch, perineal, abdominal, pelvic, crural, penile or femoral positions, and with normal testis and spermatic cord anatomy. Confirmation is by diagnostic laparoscopy to rule out an intra-abdominal, inguinal or absent/vanishing testis.